2011年12月2日 星期五
12星座無情排行榜
第一位：天蠍座
無論做任何事，天蠍座總是斬釘截鐵，毫無餘地，好像分手這回事，何嘗不是？不要妄想當日戀愛時如何如膠似漆，分手後仍可做番半點朋友，對不起，天蠍反臉後真的可以不認人，而且速度如火箭，可令對方心痛欲絕。
第二位：牡羊座
熱血和冷血只是一剎之間。面對熱情如火的牡羊，別以為他分手時也會這樣熱辣辣，你有本事可在睡床一起身，然後發現正在拍拖的他不適合你時，便即時揮一揮衣袖，不帶走一點浪漫，鐵石心腸，牡羊真可謂數一數二。
第三位：水瓶座
一聲說走便行李也不帶走的水瓶，對愛情的態度依然貫徹始終，不要期望你會心軟回心轉意，也不要奢望你會因軟功而已令心腸變暖，基本上，朋友和情人之間的層次太過模糊，加上太過理智，與其拖拖拉拉，倒不如一刀兩斷可能更感痛快。
第四位：獅子座
都是自尊惹的禍。無情這回事有時也要看是誰先提出，若然眼前的感情不是由獅子一方宣佈死亡的話，我可以告訴大家，無論另一方如何想再重拾舊歡，結局都是於事無補，畢竟傷及了你的尊嚴，一刀兩可能是你唯一的面對方法。
第五位：金牛座
對於一向務實的金牛人而言，既然真的決定要分手的話，你們面對的態度，就會像公事公辦一樣，不帶半分人情可言。你們會以資料、理論及各種不同的思考模式，計算過程中的得與失，生性慳家的或許會留下一些物件自用，但主角嘛，請儘快離開視線範圍。
第六位：魔羯座
或許不是你冷酷，而是你真的不懂得如何表達他心目中的情感所累事。在你們的字典中，一不情人，一不敵人，就像插蘇頭和插頭的關係，一不插著，一不拿開，沒有灰色地帶似的，但說到尾，你們復原的時間，其實比其他星座情人還要長。有情和無情，可能就只是一線之差。
第七位： 雙子座
要數再見仍是朋友一族，首選必定是雙子。對於愛一大班朋友與眾同樂的雙子來說，朋友和粒花之間最大的分別，可能只是有沒有床上活動而矣。此外你更會覺得由粒花轉化做朋友的異性，不但較容易明白你的需要，有時候還可繼續撒嬌呢！
第八位：處女座
有些星座其實無情，但分手的過程之中，總要循例的拖拉一輪，當中的表表者可算是處女人。不要以為處女人的小心眼病態會咬著對方不放，只要決定跟對方劃清界線，你便會使出一招將對方視為陌生人看待，演技足以問鼎最佳女主角。
第九位：巨蟹座
無論遇到甚麼情況，最懂扮作看不見的巨蟹，怕只怕太過多情而不是反面無情。只要對方給你一點甜頭，你又會乖乖的回到自己巢穴內繼續生活。所以對於「無情」這回事，除非你很快已經有別個，否則相信分手時，你也必須煎熬一段日子才肯甘休。
第十位：雙魚座
與巨蟹座相比，雙魚座情況更加戲劇化，即是說，無論分手是否已成事實，又或你是否已另有所屬，你與本來的那個，依然可以繼續成為秘密情侶，愛個難舍難離。對於愛情這回事，怕只怕你太過濫情而不自知，請小心健康。
第十一位：射手座
永遠捉不緊的射手，不是無情，而是無時間再跟你磋跎歲月，浪費青春。在戀愛時，要令射手的粒花在你身旁守候，本來已是很困難的一回事，要他分手後再跟你吃個飯，相信更加難上加難。但做不成情侶，對於射手而言，做朋友未嘗不是個好的另類選擇！
第十二位：天秤座
不要說無情，天秤人出名多情又愛吃回頭草，要他無情，相信都只是反高潮的劇情需要才有此下著。面對生性猶豫不決的天秤人而言，就算口口聲聲說分手，通常也會散完再好好完再散散完又再好以後，最後不了了之收場，要他無情，難過登天.
無論做任何事，天蠍座總是斬釘截鐵，毫無餘地，好像分手這回事，何嘗不是？不要妄想當日戀愛時如何如膠似漆，分手後仍可做番半點朋友，對不起，天蠍反臉後真的可以不認人，而且速度如火箭，可令對方心痛欲絕。
第二位：牡羊座
熱血和冷血只是一剎之間。面對熱情如火的牡羊，別以為他分手時也會這樣熱辣辣，你有本事可在睡床一起身，然後發現正在拍拖的他不適合你時，便即時揮一揮衣袖，不帶走一點浪漫，鐵石心腸，牡羊真可謂數一數二。
第三位：水瓶座
一聲說走便行李也不帶走的水瓶，對愛情的態度依然貫徹始終，不要期望你會心軟回心轉意，也不要奢望你會因軟功而已令心腸變暖，基本上，朋友和情人之間的層次太過模糊，加上太過理智，與其拖拖拉拉，倒不如一刀兩斷可能更感痛快。
第四位：獅子座
都是自尊惹的禍。無情這回事有時也要看是誰先提出，若然眼前的感情不是由獅子一方宣佈死亡的話，我可以告訴大家，無論另一方如何想再重拾舊歡，結局都是於事無補，畢竟傷及了你的尊嚴，一刀兩可能是你唯一的面對方法。
第五位：金牛座
對於一向務實的金牛人而言，既然真的決定要分手的話，你們面對的態度，就會像公事公辦一樣，不帶半分人情可言。你們會以資料、理論及各種不同的思考模式，計算過程中的得與失，生性慳家的或許會留下一些物件自用，但主角嘛，請儘快離開視線範圍。
第六位：魔羯座
或許不是你冷酷，而是你真的不懂得如何表達他心目中的情感所累事。在你們的字典中，一不情人，一不敵人，就像插蘇頭和插頭的關係，一不插著，一不拿開，沒有灰色地帶似的，但說到尾，你們復原的時間，其實比其他星座情人還要長。有情和無情，可能就只是一線之差。
第七位： 雙子座
要數再見仍是朋友一族，首選必定是雙子。對於愛一大班朋友與眾同樂的雙子來說，朋友和粒花之間最大的分別，可能只是有沒有床上活動而矣。此外你更會覺得由粒花轉化做朋友的異性，不但較容易明白你的需要，有時候還可繼續撒嬌呢！
第八位：處女座
有些星座其實無情，但分手的過程之中，總要循例的拖拉一輪，當中的表表者可算是處女人。不要以為處女人的小心眼病態會咬著對方不放，只要決定跟對方劃清界線，你便會使出一招將對方視為陌生人看待，演技足以問鼎最佳女主角。
第九位：巨蟹座
無論遇到甚麼情況，最懂扮作看不見的巨蟹，怕只怕太過多情而不是反面無情。只要對方給你一點甜頭，你又會乖乖的回到自己巢穴內繼續生活。所以對於「無情」這回事，除非你很快已經有別個，否則相信分手時，你也必須煎熬一段日子才肯甘休。
第十位：雙魚座
與巨蟹座相比，雙魚座情況更加戲劇化，即是說，無論分手是否已成事實，又或你是否已另有所屬，你與本來的那個，依然可以繼續成為秘密情侶，愛個難舍難離。對於愛情這回事，怕只怕你太過濫情而不自知，請小心健康。
第十一位：射手座
永遠捉不緊的射手，不是無情，而是無時間再跟你磋跎歲月，浪費青春。在戀愛時，要令射手的粒花在你身旁守候，本來已是很困難的一回事，要他分手後再跟你吃個飯，相信更加難上加難。但做不成情侶，對於射手而言，做朋友未嘗不是個好的另類選擇！
第十二位：天秤座
不要說無情，天秤人出名多情又愛吃回頭草，要他無情，相信都只是反高潮的劇情需要才有此下著。面對生性猶豫不決的天秤人而言，就算口口聲聲說分手，通常也會散完再好好完再散散完又再好以後，最後不了了之收場，要他無情，難過登天.
2011年11月11日 星期五
女人其實嫁誰都會後悔？這篇也是經典!(FW)
女人其實嫁誰都會後悔？這篇也是經典!
男人總是強調自己的「夢想」，女人擇男也有個人條件。
比如男的要有前途、要成熟、要疼你……
嫁給哪種男人比較好？比較不會痛罵自己瞎了眼睛？讓我們一個個看過來：
嫁給有錢的男人
食有魚，出有車，豪華別墅，錦衣麗服，珠圍翠繞，暗香瀰漫，這種日子應該很不錯的吧？可是，男人掙錢需要時間和精力，有錢的男人不是錙銖必較的商人，就是忙於應酬的權貴。
商人的腦子裡充滿利益，每天算計投入和產出，缺乏溫馨。古早時候的那個江州司馬早已看透了這種男人的本質－－重利輕別離。
權貴男人的腦子裡充滿關係，每天衡量著該和誰近，該和誰遠，缺乏柔情。有錢的男人往往沒時間，會將女人冷落一邊。嫁給這種男人的女人，等於嫁給電視機，嫁給美容院，要忍受長久的精神上的空虛，空有一份表面上的華麗，內心的苦澀有誰知道？
嫁給帥哥
顯然是自取滅亡。帥哥就算有心一生只愛你一人，也頂不住別的女人不管不顧的愛心奉獻。帥哥長的帥，艷遇來的快，快的叫你斬不盡殺不絕，春風吹又生，然後你的婚姻就成了一場你方唱罷我登場的鬧劇。
嫁給有閒的男人
每天都有人陪伴，他事情很少，記性好，你們的結婚紀念日，甚至你的生日，他都會記得一清二楚。他每天按時回家，還做得一手好菜，願意陪你逛商場，很會教育孩子。你每天生活在他的包圍之中，應該了無遺憾了吧？不，這種男人往往能力有限，沒有很多的錢，你必須千辛萬苦和他一起打拼，才能獲得一份溫飽生活。
看到別的女人養尊處優，年過四十依然面容姣美，十指纖纖，而你年紀輕輕，已經皮膚粗糙，玉手變形，就會不甘心－－別人怎麼能嫁個「鑽石男人」，自己怎麼嫁了個破銅爛鐵？
嫁給會說甜言蜜語的男人
你的心情會格外舒暢，這! 種! 男人聰明心細，善於發現女人的美。你換了一個髮型，換了一件衣服，甚至換了一種牌子的口紅，他都會及時發現，並馬上讚美。他會別出心裁地誇獎你透明的耳垂，誇獎你渾圓的腳踝，你會在這種被人欣賞的感覺中陶醉－－因為有些美你自己都未發現。
可是，你應該清醒一下，這種男人也很善於發現除了你之外的其他女人的美。他會把甜言蜜語說給很多女人聽，你甚至都不知道你是第幾個聽到他甜言蜜語的人。這種男人很危險，一不小心就會在外面豎起幾面「彩旗」，在情感上與別人「分一杯羹」，你會內心充滿痛苦和恥辱的。
嫁給樸實拙訥的男人你儘管可以放心，他對你忠心耿耿，毫無二心，對身邊擦肩而過的美女絕對可以目不斜視。可是，這種男人往往遲鈍得可怕，你換了一雙新款的鞋子一周了，他都沒有發現；你問他塗粉色指甲油好還是淺紫色指甲油好，他通常會一臉茫然。
嫁給這種缺乏情趣的男人，你會覺得自己的女性之美形同虛設。
嫁給才子
這事怎麼說呢？先把才子分為「出人頭地」與「懷才不遇」兩種。前者的各種翹楚有徐志摩、郁達夫，他們的愛情婚姻都轟動一! 時! ，可是結果不甚美妙。才子佳人的組合太旖旎，就會折福。懷才不遇的才子最好別嫁，嫁了也是陪他一起譴責上蒼無眼、小人當道、時運不濟。懷才不遇者都有股怨氣，怨的久了、深了，人也就陰暗了。別叫我找實例，因為他們都已被殘酷的生活所埋沒。
嫁給專業人士
好像不錯，比如律師醫生，婚後遇到什麼事情都有人護航。這類人較有素質，一般不會發生秀才遇見兵有理說不清的悲劇。可他們通常都很忙，半夜要出診，假期不見人，而且可能不浪漫，有一種嚴謹的職業病，把你一個人困在婚姻裡哀嚎。
嫁給教師
他們很難有陞遷機會，不大會給你驚喜。其工作方式就是從低年級向高年級爬，然後? 蝸u下跌，週而復始，樂此不疲。他們的優點是每年會有三個月可以做家庭婦男，並且免費為子女做家庭教師。
<後記>：
你也許會說，嫁給既有錢又有閒，既有情趣又有忠貞不渝的男人，肯定不會後悔。
是這樣的，但是，世間沒有這麼完美的男人。
即使有，我們也配不上－－因為我們自身不夠完美。
因此，嫁給誰都後悔，我們只能守著一份凡俗的婚姻，誰都不能倖免－－因為我們都是有缺點的人。
這很無奈，但這就是生活。
男人總是強調自己的「夢想」，女人擇男也有個人條件。
比如男的要有前途、要成熟、要疼你……
嫁給哪種男人比較好？比較不會痛罵自己瞎了眼睛？讓我們一個個看過來：
嫁給有錢的男人
食有魚，出有車，豪華別墅，錦衣麗服，珠圍翠繞，暗香瀰漫，這種日子應該很不錯的吧？可是，男人掙錢需要時間和精力，有錢的男人不是錙銖必較的商人，就是忙於應酬的權貴。
商人的腦子裡充滿利益，每天算計投入和產出，缺乏溫馨。古早時候的那個江州司馬早已看透了這種男人的本質－－重利輕別離。
權貴男人的腦子裡充滿關係，每天衡量著該和誰近，該和誰遠，缺乏柔情。有錢的男人往往沒時間，會將女人冷落一邊。嫁給這種男人的女人，等於嫁給電視機，嫁給美容院，要忍受長久的精神上的空虛，空有一份表面上的華麗，內心的苦澀有誰知道？
嫁給帥哥
顯然是自取滅亡。帥哥就算有心一生只愛你一人，也頂不住別的女人不管不顧的愛心奉獻。帥哥長的帥，艷遇來的快，快的叫你斬不盡殺不絕，春風吹又生，然後你的婚姻就成了一場你方唱罷我登場的鬧劇。
嫁給有閒的男人
每天都有人陪伴，他事情很少，記性好，你們的結婚紀念日，甚至你的生日，他都會記得一清二楚。他每天按時回家，還做得一手好菜，願意陪你逛商場，很會教育孩子。你每天生活在他的包圍之中，應該了無遺憾了吧？不，這種男人往往能力有限，沒有很多的錢，你必須千辛萬苦和他一起打拼，才能獲得一份溫飽生活。
看到別的女人養尊處優，年過四十依然面容姣美，十指纖纖，而你年紀輕輕，已經皮膚粗糙，玉手變形，就會不甘心－－別人怎麼能嫁個「鑽石男人」，自己怎麼嫁了個破銅爛鐵？
嫁給會說甜言蜜語的男人
你的心情會格外舒暢，這! 種! 男人聰明心細，善於發現女人的美。你換了一個髮型，換了一件衣服，甚至換了一種牌子的口紅，他都會及時發現，並馬上讚美。他會別出心裁地誇獎你透明的耳垂，誇獎你渾圓的腳踝，你會在這種被人欣賞的感覺中陶醉－－因為有些美你自己都未發現。
可是，你應該清醒一下，這種男人也很善於發現除了你之外的其他女人的美。他會把甜言蜜語說給很多女人聽，你甚至都不知道你是第幾個聽到他甜言蜜語的人。這種男人很危險，一不小心就會在外面豎起幾面「彩旗」，在情感上與別人「分一杯羹」，你會內心充滿痛苦和恥辱的。
嫁給樸實拙訥的男人你儘管可以放心，他對你忠心耿耿，毫無二心，對身邊擦肩而過的美女絕對可以目不斜視。可是，這種男人往往遲鈍得可怕，你換了一雙新款的鞋子一周了，他都沒有發現；你問他塗粉色指甲油好還是淺紫色指甲油好，他通常會一臉茫然。
嫁給這種缺乏情趣的男人，你會覺得自己的女性之美形同虛設。
嫁給才子
這事怎麼說呢？先把才子分為「出人頭地」與「懷才不遇」兩種。前者的各種翹楚有徐志摩、郁達夫，他們的愛情婚姻都轟動一! 時! ，可是結果不甚美妙。才子佳人的組合太旖旎，就會折福。懷才不遇的才子最好別嫁，嫁了也是陪他一起譴責上蒼無眼、小人當道、時運不濟。懷才不遇者都有股怨氣，怨的久了、深了，人也就陰暗了。別叫我找實例，因為他們都已被殘酷的生活所埋沒。
嫁給專業人士
好像不錯，比如律師醫生，婚後遇到什麼事情都有人護航。這類人較有素質，一般不會發生秀才遇見兵有理說不清的悲劇。可他們通常都很忙，半夜要出診，假期不見人，而且可能不浪漫，有一種嚴謹的職業病，把你一個人困在婚姻裡哀嚎。
嫁給教師
他們很難有陞遷機會，不大會給你驚喜。其工作方式就是從低年級向高年級爬，然後? 蝸u下跌，週而復始，樂此不疲。他們的優點是每年會有三個月可以做家庭婦男，並且免費為子女做家庭教師。
<後記>：
你也許會說，嫁給既有錢又有閒，既有情趣又有忠貞不渝的男人，肯定不會後悔。
是這樣的，但是，世間沒有這麼完美的男人。
即使有，我們也配不上－－因為我們自身不夠完美。
因此，嫁給誰都後悔，我們只能守著一份凡俗的婚姻，誰都不能倖免－－因為我們都是有缺點的人。
這很無奈，但這就是生活。
2011年11月4日 星期五
登玉山
1.裝備準備
登山背包(以自己可以負担的重量)
登山鞋(新鞋要先穿過)
登山杖
雨衣〈上、下兩件式〉
內層排汗衣〈例如： P.P長、短袖〉
中層保暖衣〈例如： POLAR LITE PILE〉
外層保暖衣〈例如：羽毛衣,gore tex材質〉
長褲〈伸縮性佳、快乾材質、耐磨〉
厚襪子(保暖腳、保護底)、帽沿帽子、毛線帽(夜間保暖)、手套(工作手套)
水壺或礦泉水(600cc-120cc)
頭燈(可遠距照明)及手電筒
常用藥品(頭痛藥、腸胃藥、感冒藥)
備用乾糧(餅干麵包)、打火機
餐具(鋼杯)
二截式雨衣
2.體力與耐力訓練
心肺耐力、肌力與肌耐力、柔軟度與身體質量指數等四項作鍛鍊
一個月前:可由跑步,騎自行車,爬樓梯,及負重爬其他>2500mm小山
登山背包(以自己可以負担的重量)
登山鞋(新鞋要先穿過)
登山杖
雨衣〈上、下兩件式〉
內層排汗衣〈例如： P.P長、短袖〉
中層保暖衣〈例如： POLAR LITE PILE〉
外層保暖衣〈例如：羽毛衣,gore tex材質〉
長褲〈伸縮性佳、快乾材質、耐磨〉
厚襪子(保暖腳、保護底)、帽沿帽子、毛線帽(夜間保暖)、手套(工作手套)
水壺或礦泉水(600cc-120cc)
頭燈(可遠距照明)及手電筒
常用藥品(頭痛藥、腸胃藥、感冒藥)
備用乾糧(餅干麵包)、打火機
餐具(鋼杯)
二截式雨衣
2.體力與耐力訓練
心肺耐力、肌力與肌耐力、柔軟度與身體質量指數等四項作鍛鍊
一個月前:可由跑步,騎自行車,爬樓梯,及負重爬其他>2500mm小山
2011年10月19日 星期三
《裸婚時代》告訴我們13條硬道理
《裸婚時代》告訴我們13條硬道理
1、婚後不要跟父母住在一起，生活習慣差異是婚變的導火索。
2、沒有養家的能力就不要談理想，奶粉才是最關鍵的。
3、現實中沒有孫曉嬈，面子和尊嚴不能給你開公司。
4、對老婆就得好，如果你不對她好，你總有一天後悔。
5、老婆懷孕的時候，是考驗愛情的時刻。
6、有異性對你好，不要相信那是單純友誼。
7、永遠不要讓對方找不到你。
8、女人會因為你夠愛她拋棄房子，車子，錢和鑽戒。
9、女人能過安穩的日子才是硬道理，追求奧迪和迪奧會讓自己遍體鱗傷。
10、父母多半是刀子嘴豆腐心。
11、要相信細節真能打敗愛情。
12、結婚不是兩個人的事，是兩個家庭的事。
13、女人不要讓男人選擇自己跟事業哪個重要，沒有事業愛情不會穩固
1、婚後不要跟父母住在一起，生活習慣差異是婚變的導火索。
2、沒有養家的能力就不要談理想，奶粉才是最關鍵的。
3、現實中沒有孫曉嬈，面子和尊嚴不能給你開公司。
4、對老婆就得好，如果你不對她好，你總有一天後悔。
5、老婆懷孕的時候，是考驗愛情的時刻。
6、有異性對你好，不要相信那是單純友誼。
7、永遠不要讓對方找不到你。
8、女人會因為你夠愛她拋棄房子，車子，錢和鑽戒。
9、女人能過安穩的日子才是硬道理，追求奧迪和迪奧會讓自己遍體鱗傷。
10、父母多半是刀子嘴豆腐心。
11、要相信細節真能打敗愛情。
12、結婚不是兩個人的事，是兩個家庭的事。
13、女人不要讓男人選擇自己跟事業哪個重要，沒有事業愛情不會穩固
2011年10月18日 星期二
轉寄:孫子兵法 (中英對照)
孫子兵法 (中英對照)
The Art of War
孫武 By Sun Tzu
Translated by Lionel Giles
始計第一
Laying Plans
孫子曰：兵者，國之大事，死生之地，存亡之道，不可不察也。
Sun Tzu said: The art of war is of vital importance to the State. It is a matter of life and death, a road either to safety or to ruin. Hence it is a subject of inquiry which can on no account be neglected.
故經之以五事，校之以計，而索其情：一曰道，二曰天，三曰地，四曰將，五曰法。
The art of war, then, is governed by five constant factors, to be taken into account in one's deliberations, when seeking to determine the conditions obtaining in the field.
These are: (1) The Moral Law; (2) Heaven; (3) Earth; (4) The Commander; (5) Method and discipline.
道者，令民於上同意，可與之死，可與之生，而不危也；
The Moral Law causes the people to be in complete accord with their ruler, so that they will follow him regardless of their lives, undismayed by any danger.
天者，陰陽、寒暑、時制也；
Heaven signifies night and day, cold and heat, times and seasons.
地者，遠近、險易、廣狹、死生也；
Earth comprises distances, great and small; danger and security; open ground and narrow passes; the chances of life and death.
將者，智、信、仁、勇、嚴也；
The Commander stands for the virtues of wisdom, sincerely, benevolence, courage and strictness.
法者，曲制、官道、主用也。
By method and discipline are to be understood the marshaling of the army in its proper subdivisions, the graduations of rank among the officers, the maintenance of roads by which supplies may reach the army, and the control of military expenditure.
凡此五者，將莫不聞，知之者勝，不知之者不勝。
These five heads should be familiar to every general: he who knows them will be victorious; he who knows them not will fail.
故校之以計，而索其情，曰：主孰有道？
Therefore, in your deliberations, when seeking to determine the military conditions, let them be made the basis of a comparison, in this wise:--
將孰有能？天地孰得？法令孰行？兵眾孰強？士卒孰練？賞罰孰明？吾以此知勝負矣。
(1) Which of the two sovereigns is imbued with the Moral law? (2) Which of the two generals has most ability? (3) With whom lie the advantages derived from Heaven and Earth? (4) On which side is discipline most rigorously enforced? (5) Which army is stronger? (6) On which side are officers and men more highly trained? (7) In which army is there the greater constancy both in reward and punishment?
By means of these seven considerations I can forecast victory or defeat.
將聽吾計，用之必勝，留之；將不聽吾計，用之必敗，去之。
The general that hearkens to my counsel and acts upon it, will conquer: let such a one be retained in command! The general that hearkens not to my counsel nor acts upon it, will suffer defeat:--let such a one be dismissed!
計利以聽，乃為之勢，以佐其外。
While heading the profit of my counsel, avail yourself also of any helpful circumstances over and beyond the ordinary rules.
勢者，因利而制權也。
According as circumstances are favorable, one should modify one's plans.
兵者，詭道也。
All warfare is based on deception.
故能而示之不能，用而示之不用，近而示之遠，遠而示之近。
Hence, when able to attack, we must seem unable; when using our forces, we must seem inactive; when we are near, we must make the enemy believe we are far away; when far away, we must make him believe we are near.
利而誘之，亂而取之，
Hold out baits to entice the enemy. Feign disorder, and crush him.
實而備之，強而避之，
If he is secure at all points, be prepared for him. If he is in superior strength, evade him.
怒而撓之，卑而驕之，
If your opponent is of choleric temper, seek to irritate him. Pretend to be weak, that he may grow arrogant.
佚而勞之，親而離之，
If he is taking his ease, give him no rest. If his forces are united, separate them.
攻其無備，出其不意。
Attack him where he is unprepared, appear where you are not expected.
此兵家之勝，不可先傳也。
These military devices, leading to victory, must not be divulged beforehand.
夫未戰而廟算勝者，得算多也；未戰而廟算不勝者，得算少也。多算勝少算，而況於無算乎！吾以此觀之，勝負見矣。
Now the general who wins a battle makes many calculations in his temple where the battle is fought. The general who loses a battle makes but few calculations beforehand. Thus do many calculations lead to victory, and few calculations to defeat: how much more no calculation at all! It is by attention to this point that I can foresee who is likely to win or lose.
作戰第二
II. Waging War
孫子曰：凡用兵之法，馳車千駟，革車千乘，帶甲十萬，千里饋糧。則內外之費，賓客之用，膠
漆之材，車甲之奉，日費千金，然後十萬之師舉矣。
Sun Tzu said: In the operations of war, where there are in the field a thousand swift chariots, as many heavy chariots, and a hundred thousand mail-clad soldiers, with provisions enough to carry them a thousand li, the expenditure at home and at the front, including entertainment of guests, small items such as glue and paint, and sums spent on chariots and armor, will reach the total of a thousand ounces of silver per day. Such is the cost of raising an army of 100,000 men.
其用戰也，勝久則鈍兵挫銳，攻城則力屈，
When you engage in actual fighting, if victory is long in coming, then men's weapons will grow dull and their ardor will be damped. If you lay siege to a town, you will exhaust your strength.
久暴師則國用不足。
Again, if the campaign is protracted, the resources of the State will not be equal to the strain.
夫鈍兵挫銳，屈力殫貨，則諸侯乘其弊而起，雖有智者不能善其後矣。
Now, when your weapons are dulled, your ardor damped, your strength exhausted and your treasure spent, other chieftains will spring up to take advantage of your extremity. Then no man, however wise, will be able to avert the consequences that must ensue.
故兵聞拙速，未睹巧之久也。
Thus, though we have heard of stupid haste in war, cleverness has never been seen associated with long delays.
夫兵久而國利者，未之有也。
There is no instance of a country having benefited from prolonged warfare.
故不盡知用兵之害者，則不能盡知用兵之利也。
It is only one who is thoroughly acquainted with the evils of war that can thoroughly understand the profitable way of carrying it on.
善用兵者，役不再籍，糧不三載，
The skillful soldier does not raise a second levy, neither are his supply-wagons loaded more than twice.
取用於國，因糧於敵，故軍食可足也。
Bring war material with you from home, but forage on the enemy. Thus the army will have food enough for its needs.
國之貧于師者遠輸，遠輸則百姓貧；
Poverty of the State exchequer causes an army to be maintained by contributions from a distance. Contributing to maintain an army at a distance causes the people to be impoverished.
近師者貴賣，貴賣則百姓財竭，
On the other hand, the proximity of an army causes prices to go up; and high prices cause the people's substance to be drained away.
財竭則急於丘役。
When their substance is drained away, the peasantry will be afflicted by heavy exactions.
力屈中原、內虛于家，百姓之費，十去其七；公家之費，破軍罷馬，甲胄矢弓，戟盾矛櫓，丘牛大車，十去其六。
With this loss of substance and exhaustion of strength, the homes of the people will be stripped bare, and three-tenths of their income will be dissipated; while government expenses for broken chariots, worn-out horses, breast-plates and helmets, bows and arrows, spears and shields, protective mantles, draught-oxen and heavy wagons, will amount to four-tenths of its total revenue.
故智將務食於敵，食敵一鍾，當吾二十鍾；箕杆一石，當吾二十石。
Hence a wise general makes a point of foraging on the enemy. One cartload of the enemy's provisions is equivalent to twenty of one's own, and likewise a single picul of his provender is equivalent to twenty from one's own store.
故殺敵者，怒也；取敵之利者，貨也。
Now in order to kill the enemy, our men must be roused to anger; that there may be advantage from defeating the enemy, they must have their rewards.
車戰得車十乘以上，賞其先得者而更其旌旗。車雜而乘之，卒善而養之，是謂勝敵而益強。
Therefore in chariot fighting, when ten or more chariots have been taken, those should be rewarded who took the first. Our own flags should be substituted for those of the enemy, and the chariots mingled and used in conjunction with ours. The captured soldiers should be kindly treated and kept. This is called, using the conquered foe to augment one's own strength.
故兵貴勝，不貴久。
In war, then, let your great object be victory, not lengthy campaigns.
故知兵之將，民之司命。國家安危之主也。
Thus it may be known that the leader of armies is the arbiter of the people's fate, the man on whom it depends whether the nation shall be in peace or in peril.
【注：】忌：“忌”加“艸”頭。
謀攻第三
III. Attack by Stratagem
孫子曰：夫用兵之法，全國為上，破國次之；全軍為上，破軍次之；全旅為上，破旅次之；全卒為上，破卒次之；全伍為上，破伍次之。
Sun Tzu said: In the practical art of war, the best thing of all is to take the enemy's country whole and intact; to shatter and destroy it is not so good. So, too, it is better to recapture an army entire than to destroy it, to capture a regiment, a detachment or a company entire than to destroy them.
是故百戰百勝，非善之善也；不戰而屈人之兵，善之善者也。
Hence to fight and conquer in all your battles is not supreme excellence; supreme excellence consists in breaking the enemy's resistance without fighting.
故上兵伐謀，其次伐交，其次伐兵，其下攻城。
Thus the highest form of generalship is to balk the enemy's plans; the next best is to prevent the junction of the enemy's forces; the next in order is to attack the enemy's army in the field; and the worst policy of all is to besiege walled cities.
攻城之法，為不得已。修櫓轒輼，具器械，三月而後成；距堙，又三月而後已。
The rule is, not to besiege walled cities if it can possibly be avoided. The preparation of mantlets, movable shelters, and various implements of war, will take up three whole months; and the piling up of mounds over against the walls will take three months more.
將不勝其忿而蟻附之，殺士卒三分之一，而城不拔者，此攻之災也。
The general, unable to control his irritation, will launch his men to the assault like swarming ants, with the result that one-third of his men are slain, while the town still remains untaken. Such are the disastrous effects of a siege.
故善用兵者，屈人之兵而非戰也，拔人之城而非攻也，毀人之國而非久也，
Therefore the skillful leader subdues the enemy's troops without any fighting; he captures their cities without laying siege to them; he overthrows their kingdom without lengthy operations in the field.
必以全爭於天下，故兵不頓而利可全，此謀攻之法也。
With his forces intact he will dispute the mastery of the Empire, and thus, without losing a man, his triumph will be complete. This is the method of attacking by stratagem.
故用兵之法，十則圍之，五則攻之，倍則分之，
It is the rule in war, if our forces are ten to the enemy's one, to surround him; if five to one, to attack him; if twice as numerous, to divide our army into two.
敵則能戰之，少則能逃之，不若則能避之。
If equally matched, we can offer battle; if slightly inferior in numbers, we can avoid the enemy; if quite unequal in every way, we can flee from him.
故小敵之堅，大敵之擒也。
Hence, though an obstinate fight may be made by a small force, in the end it must be captured by the larger force.
夫將者，國之輔也。輔周則國必強，輔隙則國必弱。
Now the general is the bulwark of the State; if the bulwark is complete at all points; the State will be strong; if the bulwark is defective, the State will be weak.
故君之所以患於軍者三：
There are three ways in which a ruler can bring misfortune upon his army:--
(1) 不知軍之不可以進而謂之進，不知軍之不可以退而謂之退，是謂縻軍；
(1) By commanding the army to advance or to retreat, being ignorant of the fact that it cannot obey. This is called hobbling the army.
(2) 不知三軍之事而同三軍之政，則軍士惑矣；
(2) By attempting to govern an army in the same way as he administers a kingdom, being ignorant of the conditions which obtain in an army. This causes restlessness in the soldier's minds.
(3)不知三軍之權而同三軍之任，則軍士疑矣。
(3) By employing the officers of his army without discrimination, through ignorance of the military principle of adaptation to circumstances. This shakes the confidence of the soldiers.
三軍既惑且疑，則諸侯之難至矣。是謂亂軍引勝。
But when the army is restless and distrustful, trouble is sure to come from the other feudal princes. This is simply bringing anarchy into the army, and flinging victory away.
故知勝有五：知可以戰與不可以戰者勝，識眾寡之用者勝，上下同欲者勝，以虞待不虞者勝，將能而君不禦者勝。此五者，知勝之道也。
Thus we may know that there are five essentials for victory: (1) He will win who knows when to fight and when not to fight. (2) He will win who knows how to handle both superior and inferior forces. (3) He will win whose army is animated by the same spirit throughout all its ranks. (4) He will win who, prepared himself, waits to take the enemy unprepared. (5) He will win who has military capacity and is not interfered with by the sovereign.
故曰：知己知彼，百戰不貽；不知彼而知己，一勝一負；不知彼不知己，每戰必敗。
Hence the saying: If you know the enemy and know yourself, you need not fear the result of a hundred battles. If you know yourself but not the enemy, for every victory gained you will also suffer a defeat. If you know neither the enemy nor yourself, you will succumb in every battle.
【注：】①：［車賁］。②："溫"字"水"旁換"車"旁。
軍形第四
IV. Tactical Dispositions
孫子曰：昔之善戰者，先為不可勝，以待敵之可勝。
Sun Tzu said: The good fighters of old first put themselves beyond the possibility of defeat, and then waited for an opportunity of defeating the enemy.
不可勝在己，可勝在敵。
To secure ourselves against defeat lies in our own hands, but the opportunity of defeating the enemy is provided by the enemy himself.
故善戰者，能為不可勝，不能使敵之必可勝。
Thus the good fighter is able to secure himself against defeat, but cannot make certain of defeating the enemy.
故曰：勝可知，而不可為。
Hence the saying: One may know how to conquer without being able to do it.
不可勝者，守也；可勝者，攻也。
Security against defeat implies defensive tactics; ability to defeat the enemy means taking the offensive.
守則不足，攻則有餘。
Standing on the defensive indicates insufficient strength; attacking, a superabundance of strength.
善守者藏於九地之下，善攻者動於九天之上，故能自保而全勝也。
The general who is skilled in defense hides in the most secret recesses of the earth; he who is skilled in attack flashes forth from the topmost heights of heaven. Thus on the one hand we have ability to protect ourselves; on the other, a victory that is complete.
見勝不過眾人之所知，非善之善者也；
To see victory only when it is within the ken of the common herd is not the acme of excellence.
戰勝而天下曰善，非善之善者也。
Neither is it the acme of excellence if you fight and conquer and the whole Empire says, "Well done!"
故舉秋毫不為多力，見日月不為明目，聞雷霆不為聰耳。
To lift an autumn hair is no sign of great strength; to see the sun and moon is no sign of sharp sight; to hear the noise of thunder is no sign of a quick ear.
古之所謂善戰者，勝於易勝者也。
What the ancients called a clever fighter is one who not only wins, but excels in winning with ease.
故善戰者之勝也，無智名，無勇功，
Hence his victories bring him neither reputation for wisdom nor credit for courage.
故其戰勝不忒。不忒者，其所措勝，勝已敗者也。
He wins his battles by making no mistakes. Making no mistakes is what establishes the certainty of victory, for it means conquering an enemy that is already defeated.
故善戰者，立於不敗之地，而不失敵之敗也。
Hence the skillful fighter puts himself into a position which makes defeat impossible, and does not miss the moment for defeating the enemy.
是故勝兵先勝而後求戰，敗兵先戰而後求勝。
Thus it is that in war the victorious strategist only seeks battle after the victory has been won, whereas he who is destined to defeat first fights and afterwards looks for victory.
善用兵者，修道而保法，故能為勝敗之政。
The consummate leader cultivates the moral law, and strictly adheres to method and discipline; thus it is in his power to control success.
兵法：一曰度，二曰量，三曰數，四曰稱，五曰勝。
In respect of military method, we have, firstly, Measurement; secondly, Estimation of quantity; thirdly, Calculation; fourthly, Balancing of chances; fifthly, Victory.
地生度，度生量，量生數，數生稱，稱生勝。
Measurement owes its existence to Earth; Estimation of quantity to Measurement; Calculation to Estimation of quantity; Balancing of chances to Calculation; and Victory to Balancing of chances.
故勝兵若以鎰稱銖，敗兵若以銖稱鎰。
A victorious army opposed to a routed one, is as a pound's weight placed in the scale against a single grain.
稱勝者之戰民也，若決積水於千仞之溪者，形也。
The onrush of a conquering force is like the bursting of pent-up waters into a chasm a thousand fathoms deep.
兵勢第五
V. Energy
孫子曰：凡治眾如治寡，分數是也；
Sun Tzu said: The control of a large force is the same principle as the control of a few men: it is merely a question of dividing up their numbers.
鬥眾如鬥寡，形名是也；
Fighting with a large army under your command is nowise different from fighting with a small one: it is merely a question of instituting signs and signals.
三軍之眾，可使必受敵而無敗者，奇正是也；
To ensure that your whole host may withstand the brunt of the enemy's attack and remain unshaken-- this is effected by maneuvers direct and indirect.
兵之所加，如以碬投卵者，虛實是也。
That the impact of your army may be like a grindstone dashed against an egg--this is effected by the science of weak points and strong.
凡戰者，以正合，以奇勝。
In all fighting, the direct method may be used for joining battle, but indirect methods will be needed in order to secure victory.
故善出奇者，無窮如天地，不竭如江海。終而複始，日月是也。死而更生，四時是也。
Indirect tactics, efficiently applied, are inexhaustible as Heaven and Earth, unending as the flow of rivers and streams; like the sun and moon, they end but to begin anew; like the four seasons, they pass away to return once more.
聲不過五，五聲之變，不可勝聽也；
There are not more than five musical notes, yet the combinations of these five give rise to more melodies than can ever be heard.
色不過五，五色之變，不可勝觀也；
There are not more than five primary colors (blue, yellow, red, white, and black), yet in combination they produce more hues than can ever been seen.
味不過五，五味之變，不可勝嘗也；
There are not more than five cardinal tastes (sour, acrid, salt, sweet, bitter), yet combinations of them yield more flavors than can ever be tasted.
戰勢不過奇正，奇正之變，不可勝窮也。
In battle, there are not more than two methods of attack--the direct and the indirect; yet these two in combination give rise to an endless series of maneuvers.
奇正相生，如迴圈之無端，孰能窮之哉！
The direct and the indirect lead on to each other in turn. It is like moving in a circle--you never come to an end. Who can exhaust the possibilities of their combination?
激水之疾，至於漂石者，勢也；
The onset of troops is like the rush of a torrent which will even roll stones along in its course.
鷙鳥之疾，至於毀折者，節也。
The quality of decision is like the well-timed swoop of a falcon which enables it to strike and destroy its victim.
故善戰者，其勢險，其節短。
Therefore the good fighter will be terrible in his onset, and prompt in his decision.
勢如擴弩，節如發機。
Energy may be likened to the bending of a crossbow; decision, to the releasing of a trigger.
紛紛紜紜，鬥亂而不可亂；渾渾沌沌，形圓而不可敗。
Amid the turmoil and tumult of battle, there may be seeming disorder and yet no real disorder at all; amid confusion and chaos, your array may be without head or tail, yet it will be proof against defeat.
亂生於治，怯生於勇，弱生於強。
Simulated disorder postulates perfect discipline, simulated fear postulates courage; simulated weakness postulates strength.
治亂，數也；勇怯，勢也；強弱，形也。
Hiding order beneath the cloak of disorder is simply a question of subdivision; concealing courage under a show of timidity presupposes a fund of latent energy; masking strength with weakness is to be effected by tactical dispositions.
故善動敵者，形之，敵必從之；予之，敵必取之。
Thus one who is skillful at keeping the enemy on the move maintains deceitful appearances, according to which the enemy will act. He sacrifices something, that the enemy may snatch at it.
以利動之，以卒待之。
By holding out baits, he keeps him on the march; then with a body of picked men he lies in wait for him.
故善戰者，求之於勢，不責於人故能擇人而任勢。
The clever combatant looks to the effect of combined energy, and does not require too much from individuals. Hence his ability to pick out the right men and utilize combined energy.
任勢者，其戰人也，如轉木石。木石之性，安則靜，危則動，方則止，圓則行。
When he utilizes combined energy, his fighting men become as it were like unto rolling logs or stones. For it is the nature of a log or stone to remain motionless on level ground, and to move when on a slope; if four-cornered, to come to a standstill, but if round-shaped, to go rolling down.
故善戰人之勢，如轉圓石於千仞之山者，勢也。
Thus the energy developed by good fighting men is as the momentum of a round stone rolled down a mountain thousands o
The Art of War
孫武 By Sun Tzu
Translated by Lionel Giles
始計第一
Laying Plans
孫子曰：兵者，國之大事，死生之地，存亡之道，不可不察也。
Sun Tzu said: The art of war is of vital importance to the State. It is a matter of life and death, a road either to safety or to ruin. Hence it is a subject of inquiry which can on no account be neglected.
故經之以五事，校之以計，而索其情：一曰道，二曰天，三曰地，四曰將，五曰法。
The art of war, then, is governed by five constant factors, to be taken into account in one's deliberations, when seeking to determine the conditions obtaining in the field.
These are: (1) The Moral Law; (2) Heaven; (3) Earth; (4) The Commander; (5) Method and discipline.
道者，令民於上同意，可與之死，可與之生，而不危也；
The Moral Law causes the people to be in complete accord with their ruler, so that they will follow him regardless of their lives, undismayed by any danger.
天者，陰陽、寒暑、時制也；
Heaven signifies night and day, cold and heat, times and seasons.
地者，遠近、險易、廣狹、死生也；
Earth comprises distances, great and small; danger and security; open ground and narrow passes; the chances of life and death.
將者，智、信、仁、勇、嚴也；
The Commander stands for the virtues of wisdom, sincerely, benevolence, courage and strictness.
法者，曲制、官道、主用也。
By method and discipline are to be understood the marshaling of the army in its proper subdivisions, the graduations of rank among the officers, the maintenance of roads by which supplies may reach the army, and the control of military expenditure.
凡此五者，將莫不聞，知之者勝，不知之者不勝。
These five heads should be familiar to every general: he who knows them will be victorious; he who knows them not will fail.
故校之以計，而索其情，曰：主孰有道？
Therefore, in your deliberations, when seeking to determine the military conditions, let them be made the basis of a comparison, in this wise:--
將孰有能？天地孰得？法令孰行？兵眾孰強？士卒孰練？賞罰孰明？吾以此知勝負矣。
(1) Which of the two sovereigns is imbued with the Moral law? (2) Which of the two generals has most ability? (3) With whom lie the advantages derived from Heaven and Earth? (4) On which side is discipline most rigorously enforced? (5) Which army is stronger? (6) On which side are officers and men more highly trained? (7) In which army is there the greater constancy both in reward and punishment?
By means of these seven considerations I can forecast victory or defeat.
將聽吾計，用之必勝，留之；將不聽吾計，用之必敗，去之。
The general that hearkens to my counsel and acts upon it, will conquer: let such a one be retained in command! The general that hearkens not to my counsel nor acts upon it, will suffer defeat:--let such a one be dismissed!
計利以聽，乃為之勢，以佐其外。
While heading the profit of my counsel, avail yourself also of any helpful circumstances over and beyond the ordinary rules.
勢者，因利而制權也。
According as circumstances are favorable, one should modify one's plans.
兵者，詭道也。
All warfare is based on deception.
故能而示之不能，用而示之不用，近而示之遠，遠而示之近。
Hence, when able to attack, we must seem unable; when using our forces, we must seem inactive; when we are near, we must make the enemy believe we are far away; when far away, we must make him believe we are near.
利而誘之，亂而取之，
Hold out baits to entice the enemy. Feign disorder, and crush him.
實而備之，強而避之，
If he is secure at all points, be prepared for him. If he is in superior strength, evade him.
怒而撓之，卑而驕之，
If your opponent is of choleric temper, seek to irritate him. Pretend to be weak, that he may grow arrogant.
佚而勞之，親而離之，
If he is taking his ease, give him no rest. If his forces are united, separate them.
攻其無備，出其不意。
Attack him where he is unprepared, appear where you are not expected.
此兵家之勝，不可先傳也。
These military devices, leading to victory, must not be divulged beforehand.
夫未戰而廟算勝者，得算多也；未戰而廟算不勝者，得算少也。多算勝少算，而況於無算乎！吾以此觀之，勝負見矣。
Now the general who wins a battle makes many calculations in his temple where the battle is fought. The general who loses a battle makes but few calculations beforehand. Thus do many calculations lead to victory, and few calculations to defeat: how much more no calculation at all! It is by attention to this point that I can foresee who is likely to win or lose.
作戰第二
II. Waging War
孫子曰：凡用兵之法，馳車千駟，革車千乘，帶甲十萬，千里饋糧。則內外之費，賓客之用，膠
漆之材，車甲之奉，日費千金，然後十萬之師舉矣。
Sun Tzu said: In the operations of war, where there are in the field a thousand swift chariots, as many heavy chariots, and a hundred thousand mail-clad soldiers, with provisions enough to carry them a thousand li, the expenditure at home and at the front, including entertainment of guests, small items such as glue and paint, and sums spent on chariots and armor, will reach the total of a thousand ounces of silver per day. Such is the cost of raising an army of 100,000 men.
其用戰也，勝久則鈍兵挫銳，攻城則力屈，
When you engage in actual fighting, if victory is long in coming, then men's weapons will grow dull and their ardor will be damped. If you lay siege to a town, you will exhaust your strength.
久暴師則國用不足。
Again, if the campaign is protracted, the resources of the State will not be equal to the strain.
夫鈍兵挫銳，屈力殫貨，則諸侯乘其弊而起，雖有智者不能善其後矣。
Now, when your weapons are dulled, your ardor damped, your strength exhausted and your treasure spent, other chieftains will spring up to take advantage of your extremity. Then no man, however wise, will be able to avert the consequences that must ensue.
故兵聞拙速，未睹巧之久也。
Thus, though we have heard of stupid haste in war, cleverness has never been seen associated with long delays.
夫兵久而國利者，未之有也。
There is no instance of a country having benefited from prolonged warfare.
故不盡知用兵之害者，則不能盡知用兵之利也。
It is only one who is thoroughly acquainted with the evils of war that can thoroughly understand the profitable way of carrying it on.
善用兵者，役不再籍，糧不三載，
The skillful soldier does not raise a second levy, neither are his supply-wagons loaded more than twice.
取用於國，因糧於敵，故軍食可足也。
Bring war material with you from home, but forage on the enemy. Thus the army will have food enough for its needs.
國之貧于師者遠輸，遠輸則百姓貧；
Poverty of the State exchequer causes an army to be maintained by contributions from a distance. Contributing to maintain an army at a distance causes the people to be impoverished.
近師者貴賣，貴賣則百姓財竭，
On the other hand, the proximity of an army causes prices to go up; and high prices cause the people's substance to be drained away.
財竭則急於丘役。
When their substance is drained away, the peasantry will be afflicted by heavy exactions.
力屈中原、內虛于家，百姓之費，十去其七；公家之費，破軍罷馬，甲胄矢弓，戟盾矛櫓，丘牛大車，十去其六。
With this loss of substance and exhaustion of strength, the homes of the people will be stripped bare, and three-tenths of their income will be dissipated; while government expenses for broken chariots, worn-out horses, breast-plates and helmets, bows and arrows, spears and shields, protective mantles, draught-oxen and heavy wagons, will amount to four-tenths of its total revenue.
故智將務食於敵，食敵一鍾，當吾二十鍾；箕杆一石，當吾二十石。
Hence a wise general makes a point of foraging on the enemy. One cartload of the enemy's provisions is equivalent to twenty of one's own, and likewise a single picul of his provender is equivalent to twenty from one's own store.
故殺敵者，怒也；取敵之利者，貨也。
Now in order to kill the enemy, our men must be roused to anger; that there may be advantage from defeating the enemy, they must have their rewards.
車戰得車十乘以上，賞其先得者而更其旌旗。車雜而乘之，卒善而養之，是謂勝敵而益強。
Therefore in chariot fighting, when ten or more chariots have been taken, those should be rewarded who took the first. Our own flags should be substituted for those of the enemy, and the chariots mingled and used in conjunction with ours. The captured soldiers should be kindly treated and kept. This is called, using the conquered foe to augment one's own strength.
故兵貴勝，不貴久。
In war, then, let your great object be victory, not lengthy campaigns.
故知兵之將，民之司命。國家安危之主也。
Thus it may be known that the leader of armies is the arbiter of the people's fate, the man on whom it depends whether the nation shall be in peace or in peril.
【注：】忌：“忌”加“艸”頭。
謀攻第三
III. Attack by Stratagem
孫子曰：夫用兵之法，全國為上，破國次之；全軍為上，破軍次之；全旅為上，破旅次之；全卒為上，破卒次之；全伍為上，破伍次之。
Sun Tzu said: In the practical art of war, the best thing of all is to take the enemy's country whole and intact; to shatter and destroy it is not so good. So, too, it is better to recapture an army entire than to destroy it, to capture a regiment, a detachment or a company entire than to destroy them.
是故百戰百勝，非善之善也；不戰而屈人之兵，善之善者也。
Hence to fight and conquer in all your battles is not supreme excellence; supreme excellence consists in breaking the enemy's resistance without fighting.
故上兵伐謀，其次伐交，其次伐兵，其下攻城。
Thus the highest form of generalship is to balk the enemy's plans; the next best is to prevent the junction of the enemy's forces; the next in order is to attack the enemy's army in the field; and the worst policy of all is to besiege walled cities.
攻城之法，為不得已。修櫓轒輼，具器械，三月而後成；距堙，又三月而後已。
The rule is, not to besiege walled cities if it can possibly be avoided. The preparation of mantlets, movable shelters, and various implements of war, will take up three whole months; and the piling up of mounds over against the walls will take three months more.
將不勝其忿而蟻附之，殺士卒三分之一，而城不拔者，此攻之災也。
The general, unable to control his irritation, will launch his men to the assault like swarming ants, with the result that one-third of his men are slain, while the town still remains untaken. Such are the disastrous effects of a siege.
故善用兵者，屈人之兵而非戰也，拔人之城而非攻也，毀人之國而非久也，
Therefore the skillful leader subdues the enemy's troops without any fighting; he captures their cities without laying siege to them; he overthrows their kingdom without lengthy operations in the field.
必以全爭於天下，故兵不頓而利可全，此謀攻之法也。
With his forces intact he will dispute the mastery of the Empire, and thus, without losing a man, his triumph will be complete. This is the method of attacking by stratagem.
故用兵之法，十則圍之，五則攻之，倍則分之，
It is the rule in war, if our forces are ten to the enemy's one, to surround him; if five to one, to attack him; if twice as numerous, to divide our army into two.
敵則能戰之，少則能逃之，不若則能避之。
If equally matched, we can offer battle; if slightly inferior in numbers, we can avoid the enemy; if quite unequal in every way, we can flee from him.
故小敵之堅，大敵之擒也。
Hence, though an obstinate fight may be made by a small force, in the end it must be captured by the larger force.
夫將者，國之輔也。輔周則國必強，輔隙則國必弱。
Now the general is the bulwark of the State; if the bulwark is complete at all points; the State will be strong; if the bulwark is defective, the State will be weak.
故君之所以患於軍者三：
There are three ways in which a ruler can bring misfortune upon his army:--
(1) 不知軍之不可以進而謂之進，不知軍之不可以退而謂之退，是謂縻軍；
(1) By commanding the army to advance or to retreat, being ignorant of the fact that it cannot obey. This is called hobbling the army.
(2) 不知三軍之事而同三軍之政，則軍士惑矣；
(2) By attempting to govern an army in the same way as he administers a kingdom, being ignorant of the conditions which obtain in an army. This causes restlessness in the soldier's minds.
(3)不知三軍之權而同三軍之任，則軍士疑矣。
(3) By employing the officers of his army without discrimination, through ignorance of the military principle of adaptation to circumstances. This shakes the confidence of the soldiers.
三軍既惑且疑，則諸侯之難至矣。是謂亂軍引勝。
But when the army is restless and distrustful, trouble is sure to come from the other feudal princes. This is simply bringing anarchy into the army, and flinging victory away.
故知勝有五：知可以戰與不可以戰者勝，識眾寡之用者勝，上下同欲者勝，以虞待不虞者勝，將能而君不禦者勝。此五者，知勝之道也。
Thus we may know that there are five essentials for victory: (1) He will win who knows when to fight and when not to fight. (2) He will win who knows how to handle both superior and inferior forces. (3) He will win whose army is animated by the same spirit throughout all its ranks. (4) He will win who, prepared himself, waits to take the enemy unprepared. (5) He will win who has military capacity and is not interfered with by the sovereign.
故曰：知己知彼，百戰不貽；不知彼而知己，一勝一負；不知彼不知己，每戰必敗。
Hence the saying: If you know the enemy and know yourself, you need not fear the result of a hundred battles. If you know yourself but not the enemy, for every victory gained you will also suffer a defeat. If you know neither the enemy nor yourself, you will succumb in every battle.
【注：】①：［車賁］。②："溫"字"水"旁換"車"旁。
軍形第四
IV. Tactical Dispositions
孫子曰：昔之善戰者，先為不可勝，以待敵之可勝。
Sun Tzu said: The good fighters of old first put themselves beyond the possibility of defeat, and then waited for an opportunity of defeating the enemy.
不可勝在己，可勝在敵。
To secure ourselves against defeat lies in our own hands, but the opportunity of defeating the enemy is provided by the enemy himself.
故善戰者，能為不可勝，不能使敵之必可勝。
Thus the good fighter is able to secure himself against defeat, but cannot make certain of defeating the enemy.
故曰：勝可知，而不可為。
Hence the saying: One may know how to conquer without being able to do it.
不可勝者，守也；可勝者，攻也。
Security against defeat implies defensive tactics; ability to defeat the enemy means taking the offensive.
守則不足，攻則有餘。
Standing on the defensive indicates insufficient strength; attacking, a superabundance of strength.
善守者藏於九地之下，善攻者動於九天之上，故能自保而全勝也。
The general who is skilled in defense hides in the most secret recesses of the earth; he who is skilled in attack flashes forth from the topmost heights of heaven. Thus on the one hand we have ability to protect ourselves; on the other, a victory that is complete.
見勝不過眾人之所知，非善之善者也；
To see victory only when it is within the ken of the common herd is not the acme of excellence.
戰勝而天下曰善，非善之善者也。
Neither is it the acme of excellence if you fight and conquer and the whole Empire says, "Well done!"
故舉秋毫不為多力，見日月不為明目，聞雷霆不為聰耳。
To lift an autumn hair is no sign of great strength; to see the sun and moon is no sign of sharp sight; to hear the noise of thunder is no sign of a quick ear.
古之所謂善戰者，勝於易勝者也。
What the ancients called a clever fighter is one who not only wins, but excels in winning with ease.
故善戰者之勝也，無智名，無勇功，
Hence his victories bring him neither reputation for wisdom nor credit for courage.
故其戰勝不忒。不忒者，其所措勝，勝已敗者也。
He wins his battles by making no mistakes. Making no mistakes is what establishes the certainty of victory, for it means conquering an enemy that is already defeated.
故善戰者，立於不敗之地，而不失敵之敗也。
Hence the skillful fighter puts himself into a position which makes defeat impossible, and does not miss the moment for defeating the enemy.
是故勝兵先勝而後求戰，敗兵先戰而後求勝。
Thus it is that in war the victorious strategist only seeks battle after the victory has been won, whereas he who is destined to defeat first fights and afterwards looks for victory.
善用兵者，修道而保法，故能為勝敗之政。
The consummate leader cultivates the moral law, and strictly adheres to method and discipline; thus it is in his power to control success.
兵法：一曰度，二曰量，三曰數，四曰稱，五曰勝。
In respect of military method, we have, firstly, Measurement; secondly, Estimation of quantity; thirdly, Calculation; fourthly, Balancing of chances; fifthly, Victory.
地生度，度生量，量生數，數生稱，稱生勝。
Measurement owes its existence to Earth; Estimation of quantity to Measurement; Calculation to Estimation of quantity; Balancing of chances to Calculation; and Victory to Balancing of chances.
故勝兵若以鎰稱銖，敗兵若以銖稱鎰。
A victorious army opposed to a routed one, is as a pound's weight placed in the scale against a single grain.
稱勝者之戰民也，若決積水於千仞之溪者，形也。
The onrush of a conquering force is like the bursting of pent-up waters into a chasm a thousand fathoms deep.
兵勢第五
V. Energy
孫子曰：凡治眾如治寡，分數是也；
Sun Tzu said: The control of a large force is the same principle as the control of a few men: it is merely a question of dividing up their numbers.
鬥眾如鬥寡，形名是也；
Fighting with a large army under your command is nowise different from fighting with a small one: it is merely a question of instituting signs and signals.
三軍之眾，可使必受敵而無敗者，奇正是也；
To ensure that your whole host may withstand the brunt of the enemy's attack and remain unshaken-- this is effected by maneuvers direct and indirect.
兵之所加，如以碬投卵者，虛實是也。
That the impact of your army may be like a grindstone dashed against an egg--this is effected by the science of weak points and strong.
凡戰者，以正合，以奇勝。
In all fighting, the direct method may be used for joining battle, but indirect methods will be needed in order to secure victory.
故善出奇者，無窮如天地，不竭如江海。終而複始，日月是也。死而更生，四時是也。
Indirect tactics, efficiently applied, are inexhaustible as Heaven and Earth, unending as the flow of rivers and streams; like the sun and moon, they end but to begin anew; like the four seasons, they pass away to return once more.
聲不過五，五聲之變，不可勝聽也；
There are not more than five musical notes, yet the combinations of these five give rise to more melodies than can ever be heard.
色不過五，五色之變，不可勝觀也；
There are not more than five primary colors (blue, yellow, red, white, and black), yet in combination they produce more hues than can ever been seen.
味不過五，五味之變，不可勝嘗也；
There are not more than five cardinal tastes (sour, acrid, salt, sweet, bitter), yet combinations of them yield more flavors than can ever be tasted.
戰勢不過奇正，奇正之變，不可勝窮也。
In battle, there are not more than two methods of attack--the direct and the indirect; yet these two in combination give rise to an endless series of maneuvers.
奇正相生，如迴圈之無端，孰能窮之哉！
The direct and the indirect lead on to each other in turn. It is like moving in a circle--you never come to an end. Who can exhaust the possibilities of their combination?
激水之疾，至於漂石者，勢也；
The onset of troops is like the rush of a torrent which will even roll stones along in its course.
鷙鳥之疾，至於毀折者，節也。
The quality of decision is like the well-timed swoop of a falcon which enables it to strike and destroy its victim.
故善戰者，其勢險，其節短。
Therefore the good fighter will be terrible in his onset, and prompt in his decision.
勢如擴弩，節如發機。
Energy may be likened to the bending of a crossbow; decision, to the releasing of a trigger.
紛紛紜紜，鬥亂而不可亂；渾渾沌沌，形圓而不可敗。
Amid the turmoil and tumult of battle, there may be seeming disorder and yet no real disorder at all; amid confusion and chaos, your array may be without head or tail, yet it will be proof against defeat.
亂生於治，怯生於勇，弱生於強。
Simulated disorder postulates perfect discipline, simulated fear postulates courage; simulated weakness postulates strength.
治亂，數也；勇怯，勢也；強弱，形也。
Hiding order beneath the cloak of disorder is simply a question of subdivision; concealing courage under a show of timidity presupposes a fund of latent energy; masking strength with weakness is to be effected by tactical dispositions.
故善動敵者，形之，敵必從之；予之，敵必取之。
Thus one who is skillful at keeping the enemy on the move maintains deceitful appearances, according to which the enemy will act. He sacrifices something, that the enemy may snatch at it.
以利動之，以卒待之。
By holding out baits, he keeps him on the march; then with a body of picked men he lies in wait for him.
故善戰者，求之於勢，不責於人故能擇人而任勢。
The clever combatant looks to the effect of combined energy, and does not require too much from individuals. Hence his ability to pick out the right men and utilize combined energy.
任勢者，其戰人也，如轉木石。木石之性，安則靜，危則動，方則止，圓則行。
When he utilizes combined energy, his fighting men become as it were like unto rolling logs or stones. For it is the nature of a log or stone to remain motionless on level ground, and to move when on a slope; if four-cornered, to come to a standstill, but if round-shaped, to go rolling down.
故善戰人之勢，如轉圓石於千仞之山者，勢也。
Thus the energy developed by good fighting men is as the momentum of a round stone rolled down a mountain thousands o
2011年10月17日 星期一
事情一次做對的工作規劃術
事情一次做對的工作規劃術
事情做到一半才發現有所疏漏，以致影響工作進度；有很多方法可以將工作做好，卻不懂得活用；非得等到工作期限將屆、火燒屁股了，才開始動手；臨時狀況導致原訂計畫大亂，只得手忙腳亂地重新安排全部事務…… 明明一開始也有心要將事情做好，為何最後老落得力不從心、草草以終呢？
不是工作太難，而是做法太粗糙
面對工作做不好的窘境，有些人或許會歸咎於自己才華不夠或能力不足，但日本知名教育學者與效率專家齋藤孝認為，這只是一種推諉的逃避心態。他在《規劃力》書中以「讀書和考試」為例說明，考試考不好時，一般人多半會以「這個科目我不拿手」當藉口，但其實問題主要出在於「溫書規劃不理想」或「考試時間分配不當」。日本工作技巧訓練專家神澤順在《大工作術》書中也指出，人們在工作上之所以會手忙腳亂或漏洞百出，根本原因通常不是工作本身太過困難，而是實踐步驟太過粗糙──亦即，事前沒有以通盤觀點進行思考及規畫，凡事只憑臨機應變，致使「早知道先做XX就好了」的憾恨層出不窮。
因此，唯有坦承「規劃不夠周全，才讓事情進展不如預期」，才能正視問題的根源，找出解決之道。
規劃：預先安排工作流程
所謂「規劃」，日本管理大師大前研一在《研磨工作力》書中界定如下：「預先思考整體計畫，安排好工作執行的程序，創造一個讓所有人都不會白費力氣，而且高效率的工作情況。」齋藤孝則指出，日本有句話說「規劃占工作的八成」，意思是工作的成敗有八成取決於規劃的完善與否。事前規劃做得好，就像預先安排好旅遊動線及交通工具，由於已經全盤掌握工作的每一個環節，所以接下來只需逐一完成各作業細項即可；反之，如果走一步算一步，去到一個景點之後，才開始翻旅遊書、訂車票，很容易就會出現流程銜接不順，甚至是出錯或做白工的情況。
拆解：搭建達成目標的行動階梯
從上述可知，規劃可說是把工作做好的第一步，因為每一項任務或計畫，都會被賦予最終的目標及成果，所以勝負優劣的決戰點，就在於如何找出一條最省力、最高效率的路徑，在過程中踩著從容的步調，從「現狀」通往「目標」。關於工作執行順序的安排，齋藤孝做了一個很傳神的比喻：工作規劃就如同在「現狀」與「目標」這兩點之間，建立起一道「階梯」，透過拆解工作流程，帶領人們一步一步走向終點。用階梯做比喻，象徵著工作規畫的三大意義：
一是唯有每一階與每一階確實銜接，才構成階梯。因此，沿著階梯前進時，沿途中若有任何一階踩空了，便可以立即察覺執行步驟的設計有所疏漏，還能明確掌握錯誤的位置與範圍，及時進行修正，讓工作執行不至於中斷。二是階梯的每一階，都必定是雙腳可以跨上的高度與距離。這意味著，若想要實現目標，除了要切割工作流程，釐清各個階段應該完成哪些作業外，還必須確保每一個細分的作業項目，都是可以被確實完成的大小與份量。如此，工作者才能對整體工作進行的狀況進行管理，並輕易掌握進度。三是階梯能讓距離遠近變得明確，每當躍過一階，都可以測量自己距離目標又近了一步。這種可以具體感受到的「進展」，將可為工作者帶來成就感及更大的幹勁：只要再往前一步、再往前一步?就快要抵達終點了。
7步驟完成工作規劃，晉升工作達人針對如何將整體工作拆解成明確可執行的細部作業，在彙整二十餘本相關主題的書籍之後發現，不同作者對於流程的劃分與切割或許見解不同，但大抵都會涵蓋以下3個概念：對目標方針的確認、對執行作業的細分，以及對時間的安排與掌控。畢竟，過程安排得再縝密、時間掐得再怎麼緊，方向錯了也是徒勞無功；不標再怎麼遠大、執行得多麼漂亮，時程延遲了也是枉然。
以此為基礎，一項工作的規劃大致可拆解為7個步驟：
1.制定明確目標→2.拆解作業流程→3.理出優先順序→4.委派分配任務→5.精準掌握時程→6.找出風險因子→7.總結檢討改善。這7道步驟構成了一個工作管理與改善的循環，唯有完整走完整個流程，並將每一次經驗做為下一次改善的起點，才能讓工作規劃愈來愈精進，晉升做事思緒明晰、從容自信的工作達人。
（整理‧撰文 / 謝明彧，編輯 / 齊立文）
文章來源：《經理人月刊》2011.7月號
事情做到一半才發現有所疏漏，以致影響工作進度；有很多方法可以將工作做好，卻不懂得活用；非得等到工作期限將屆、火燒屁股了，才開始動手；臨時狀況導致原訂計畫大亂，只得手忙腳亂地重新安排全部事務…… 明明一開始也有心要將事情做好，為何最後老落得力不從心、草草以終呢？
不是工作太難，而是做法太粗糙
面對工作做不好的窘境，有些人或許會歸咎於自己才華不夠或能力不足，但日本知名教育學者與效率專家齋藤孝認為，這只是一種推諉的逃避心態。他在《規劃力》書中以「讀書和考試」為例說明，考試考不好時，一般人多半會以「這個科目我不拿手」當藉口，但其實問題主要出在於「溫書規劃不理想」或「考試時間分配不當」。日本工作技巧訓練專家神澤順在《大工作術》書中也指出，人們在工作上之所以會手忙腳亂或漏洞百出，根本原因通常不是工作本身太過困難，而是實踐步驟太過粗糙──亦即，事前沒有以通盤觀點進行思考及規畫，凡事只憑臨機應變，致使「早知道先做XX就好了」的憾恨層出不窮。
因此，唯有坦承「規劃不夠周全，才讓事情進展不如預期」，才能正視問題的根源，找出解決之道。
規劃：預先安排工作流程
所謂「規劃」，日本管理大師大前研一在《研磨工作力》書中界定如下：「預先思考整體計畫，安排好工作執行的程序，創造一個讓所有人都不會白費力氣，而且高效率的工作情況。」齋藤孝則指出，日本有句話說「規劃占工作的八成」，意思是工作的成敗有八成取決於規劃的完善與否。事前規劃做得好，就像預先安排好旅遊動線及交通工具，由於已經全盤掌握工作的每一個環節，所以接下來只需逐一完成各作業細項即可；反之，如果走一步算一步，去到一個景點之後，才開始翻旅遊書、訂車票，很容易就會出現流程銜接不順，甚至是出錯或做白工的情況。
拆解：搭建達成目標的行動階梯
從上述可知，規劃可說是把工作做好的第一步，因為每一項任務或計畫，都會被賦予最終的目標及成果，所以勝負優劣的決戰點，就在於如何找出一條最省力、最高效率的路徑，在過程中踩著從容的步調，從「現狀」通往「目標」。關於工作執行順序的安排，齋藤孝做了一個很傳神的比喻：工作規劃就如同在「現狀」與「目標」這兩點之間，建立起一道「階梯」，透過拆解工作流程，帶領人們一步一步走向終點。用階梯做比喻，象徵著工作規畫的三大意義：
一是唯有每一階與每一階確實銜接，才構成階梯。因此，沿著階梯前進時，沿途中若有任何一階踩空了，便可以立即察覺執行步驟的設計有所疏漏，還能明確掌握錯誤的位置與範圍，及時進行修正，讓工作執行不至於中斷。二是階梯的每一階，都必定是雙腳可以跨上的高度與距離。這意味著，若想要實現目標，除了要切割工作流程，釐清各個階段應該完成哪些作業外，還必須確保每一個細分的作業項目，都是可以被確實完成的大小與份量。如此，工作者才能對整體工作進行的狀況進行管理，並輕易掌握進度。三是階梯能讓距離遠近變得明確，每當躍過一階，都可以測量自己距離目標又近了一步。這種可以具體感受到的「進展」，將可為工作者帶來成就感及更大的幹勁：只要再往前一步、再往前一步?就快要抵達終點了。
7步驟完成工作規劃，晉升工作達人針對如何將整體工作拆解成明確可執行的細部作業，在彙整二十餘本相關主題的書籍之後發現，不同作者對於流程的劃分與切割或許見解不同，但大抵都會涵蓋以下3個概念：對目標方針的確認、對執行作業的細分，以及對時間的安排與掌控。畢竟，過程安排得再縝密、時間掐得再怎麼緊，方向錯了也是徒勞無功；不標再怎麼遠大、執行得多麼漂亮，時程延遲了也是枉然。
以此為基礎，一項工作的規劃大致可拆解為7個步驟：
1.制定明確目標→2.拆解作業流程→3.理出優先順序→4.委派分配任務→5.精準掌握時程→6.找出風險因子→7.總結檢討改善。這7道步驟構成了一個工作管理與改善的循環，唯有完整走完整個流程，並將每一次經驗做為下一次改善的起點，才能讓工作規劃愈來愈精進，晉升做事思緒明晰、從容自信的工作達人。
（整理‧撰文 / 謝明彧，編輯 / 齊立文）
文章來源：《經理人月刊》2011.7月號
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